JS导出Excel的5种方案：IE兼容与现代浏览器支持

JS导出Excel的五种方法概述

本文详细介绍利用JavaScript实现Excel导出的五种具体方法，供开发者参考与选用。

浏览器兼容性对比

这五种方案中，前四种仅适用于IE浏览器，而最后一种方法则兼容当前主流浏览器，包括Firefox、IE、Chrome、Opera及Safari。

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head lang="en">
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <title>html 表格导出道</title>
  <script language="JavaScript" type="text/javascript">
    //第一种方法
    function method1(tableid) {
      var curTbl = document.getElementById(tableid);
      var oXL = new ActiveXObject("Excel.Application");
      var oWB = oXL.Workbooks.Add();
      var oSheet = oWB.ActiveSheet;
      var sel = document.body.createTextRange();
      sel.moveToElementText(curTbl);
      sel.select();
      sel.execCommand("Copy");
      oSheet.Paste();
      oXL.Visible = true;
    }
    //第二种方法
    function method2(tableid)
    {
      var curTbl = document.getElementById(tableid);
      var oXL = new ActiveXObject("Excel.Application");
      var oWB = oXL.Workbooks.Add();
      var oSheet = oWB.ActiveSheet;
      var Lenr = curTbl.rows.length;
      for (i = 0; i < Lenr; i++)
      {    var Lenc = curTbl.rows(i).cells.length;
        for (j = 0; j < Lenc; j++)
        {
          oSheet.Cells(i + 1, j + 1).value = curTbl.rows(i).cells(j).innerText;
        }
      }
      oXL.Visible = true;
    }
    //第三种方法
    function getXlsFromTbl(inTblId, inWindow){
      try {
        var allStr = "";
        var curStr = "";
        if (inTblId != null && inTblId != "" && inTblId != "null") {
          curStr = getTblData(inTblId, inWindow);
        }
        if (curStr != null) {
          allStr += curStr;
        }
        else {
          alert("你要导出的表不存在");
          return;
        }
        var fileName = getExcelFileName();
        doFileExport(fileName, allStr);
      }
      catch(e) {
        alert("导出发生异常:" + e.name + "->" + e.description + "!");
      }
    }
    function getTblData(inTbl, inWindow) {
      var rows = 0;
      var tblDocument = document;
      if (!!inWindow && inWindow != "") {
        if (!document.all(inWindow)) {
          return null;
        }
        else {
          tblDocument = eval(inWindow).document;
        }
      }
      var curTbl = tblDocument.getElementById(inTbl);
      var outStr = "";
      if (curTbl != null) {
        for (var j = 0; j < curTbl.rows.length; j++) {
          for (var i = 0; i < curTbl.rows[j].cells.length; i++) {
            if (i == 0 && rows > 0) {
              outStr += " t";
              rows -= 1;
            }
            outStr += curTbl.rows[j].cells[i].innerText + "t";
            if (curTbl.rows[j].cells[i].colSpan > 1) {
              for (var k = 0; k < curTbl.rows[j].cells[i].colSpan - 1; k++) {
                outStr += " t";
              }
            }
            if (i == 0) {
              if (rows == 0 && curTbl.rows[j].cells[i].rowSpan > 1) {
                rows = curTbl.rows[j].cells[i].rowSpan - 1;
              }
            }
          }
          outStr += "rn";
        }
      }
      else {
        outStr = null;
        alert(inTbl + "不存在 !");
      }
      return outStr;
    }
    function getExcelFileName() {
      var d = new Date();
      var curYear = d.getYear();
      var curMonth = "" + (d.getMonth() + 1);
      var curDate = "" + d.getDate();
      var curHour = "" + d.getHours();
      var curMinute = "" + d.getMinutes();
      var curSecond = "" + d.getSeconds();
      if (curMonth.length == 1) {
        curMonth = "0" + curMonth;
      }
      if (curDate.length == 1) {
        curDate = "0" + curDate;
      }
      if (curHour.length == 1) {
        curHour = "0" + curHour;
      }
      if (curMinute.length == 1) {
        curMinute = "0" + curMinute;
      }
      if (curSecond.length == 1) {
        curSecond = "0" + curSecond;
      }
      var fileName = "table" + "_" + curYear + curMonth + curDate + "_"
          + curHour + curMinute + curSecond + ".csv";
      return fileName;
    }
    function doFileExport(inName, inStr) {
      var xlsWin = null;
      if (!!document.all("glbHideFrm")) {
        xlsWin = glbHideFrm;
      }
      else {
        var width = 6;
        var height = 4;
        var openPara = "left=" + (window.screen.width / 2 - width / 2)
            + ",top=" + (window.screen.height / 2 - height / 2)
            + ",scrollbars=no,width=" + width + ",height=" + height;
        xlsWin = window.open("", "_blank", openPara);
      }
      xlsWin.document.write(inStr);
      xlsWin.document.close();
      xlsWin.document.execCommand('Saveas', true, inName);
      xlsWin.close();
    }
    //第四种
    function method4(tableid){
      var curTbl = document.getElementById(tableid);
      var oXL;
      try{
        oXL = new ActiveXObject("Excel.Application"); //创建AX对象excel
      }catch(e){
        alert("无法启动Excel!\n\n如果您确信您的电脑中已经安装了Excel，"+"那么请调整IE的安全级别。\n\n具体操作：\n\n"+"工具 → Internet选项 → 安全 → 自定义级别 → 对没有标记为安全的ActiveX进行初始化和脚本运行 → 启用");
        return false;
      }
      var oWB = oXL.Workbooks.Add(); //获取workbook对象
      var oSheet = oWB.ActiveSheet;//激活当前sheet
      var sel = document.body.createTextRange();
      sel.moveToElementText(curTbl); //把表格中的内容移到TextRange中
      sel.select(); //全选TextRange中内容
      sel.execCommand("Copy");//复制TextRange中内容
      oSheet.Paste();//粘贴到活动的EXCEL中
      oXL.Visible = true; //设置excel可见属性
      var fname = oXL.Application.GetSaveAsFilename("将table导出到excel.xls", "Excel Spreadsheets (*.xls), *.xls");
      oWB.SaveAs(fname);
      oWB.Close();
      oXL.Quit();
    }
    //第五种方法
    var idTmr;
    function getExplorer() {
      var explorer = window.navigator.userAgent ;
      //ie
      if (explorer.indexOf("MSIE") >= 0) {
        return 'ie';
      }
      //firefox
      else if (explorer.indexOf("Firefox") >= 0) {
        return 'Firefox';
      }
      //Chrome
      else if(explorer.indexOf("Chrome") >= 0){
        return 'Chrome';
      }
      //Opera
      else if(explorer.indexOf("Opera") >= 0){
        return 'Opera';
      }
      //Safari
      else if(explorer.indexOf("Safari") >= 0){
        return 'Safari';
      }
    }
    function method5(tableid) {
      if(getExplorer()=='ie')
      {
        var curTbl = document.getElementById(tableid);
        var oXL = new ActiveXObject("Excel.Application");
        var oWB = oXL.Workbooks.Add();
        var xlsheet = oWB.Worksheets(1);
        var sel = document.body.createTextRange();
        sel.moveToElementText(curTbl);
        sel.select();
        sel.execCommand("Copy");
        xlsheet.Paste();
        oXL.Visible = true;
        try {
          var fname = oXL.Application.GetSaveAsFilename("Excel.xls", "Excel Spreadsheets (*.xls), *.xls");
        } catch (e) {
          print("Nested catch caught " + e);
        } finally {
          oWB.SaveAs(fname);
          oWB.Close(savechanges = false);
          oXL.Quit();
          oXL = null;
          idTmr = window.setInterval("Cleanup();", 1);
        }
      }
      else
      {
        tableToExcel(tableid)
      }
    }
    function Cleanup() {
      window.clearInterval(idTmr);
      CollectGarbage();
    }
    var tableToExcel = (function() {
      var uri = 'data:application/vnd.ms-excel;base64,',
          template = '<html><head><meta charset="UTF-8"></head><body><table>{table}</table></body></html>',
          base64 = function(s) { return window.btoa(unescape(encodeURIComponent(s))) },
          format = function(s, c) {
            return s.replace(/{(\w+)}/g,
                function(m, p) { return c[p]; }) }
      return function(table, name) {
        if (!table.nodeType) table = document.getElementById(table)
        var ctx = {worksheet: name || 'Worksheet', table: table.innerHTML}
        window.location.href = uri + base64(format(template, ctx))
      }
    })()
  </script>
</head>
<body>
<div >
  <button type="button" onclick="method1('tableExcel')">导出Excel方法一</button>
  <button type="button" onclick="method2('tableExcel')">导出Excel方法二</button>
  <button type="button" onclick="getXlsFromTbl('tableExcel','myDiv')">导出Excel方法三</button>
  <button type="button" onclick="method4('tableExcel')">导出Excel方法四</button>
  <button type="button" onclick="method5('tableExcel')">导出Excel方法五</button>
</div>
<div id="myDiv">
<table id="tableExcel" width="100%" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
  <tr>
    <td colspan="5" align="center">html 表格导出道Excel</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>列标题1</td>
    <td>列标题2</td>
    <td>类标题3</td>
    <td>列标题4</td>
    <td>列标题5</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>aaa</td>
    <td>bbb</td>
    <td>ccc</td>
    <td>ddd</td>
    <td>eee</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>AAA</td>
    <td>BBB</td>
    <td>CCC</td>
    <td>DDD</td>
    <td>EEE</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>FFF</td>
    <td>GGG</td>
    <td>HHH</td>
    <td>III</td>
    <td>JJJ</td>
  </tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>

针对常见文件名与格式问题，本文补充一种基于jQuery的实现方式。该方法兼容性尚待测试，具体代码示例如下。使用时需确保引入jquery-3.2.1.min.js与jquery.table2excel.js文件，其中jQuery版本可根据实际项目调整。如有问题，欢迎交流指导。

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head lang="en">
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <title>html 表格导出道</title>
  <script src="js/vendor/jquery-3.2.1.min.js"></script>
  <script src="jquery.table2excel.js"></script>
  <script language="JavaScript" type="text/javascript">
    $(document).ready(function () {
      $("#btnExport").click(function () {
        $("#tableExcel").table2excel({
          exclude : ".noExl", //过滤位置的 css 类名
          filename : "你想说啥" + new Date().getTime() + ".xls", //文件名称
          name: "Excel Document Name.xlsx",
          exclude_img: true,
          exclude_links: true,
          exclude_inputs: true
        });
      });
    });
  </script>
</head>
<body>
<div >
  <button type="button" id="btnExport" onclick="method5('tableExcel')">导出Excel</button>
</div>
<div id="myDiv">
  <table id="tableExcel" width="100%" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
    <tr>
      <td colspan="5" align="center">html 表格导出道Excel</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>列标题1</td>
      <td>列标题2</td>
      <td>类标题3</td>
      <td>列标题4</td>
      <td>列标题5</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>aaa</td>
      <td>bbb</td>
      <td>ccc</td>
      <td>ddd</td>
      <td>eee</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>AAA</td>
      <td>BBB</td>
      <td>CCC</td>
      <td>DDD</td>
      <td>EEE</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>FFF</td>
      <td>GGG</td>
      <td>HHH</td>
      <td>III</td>
      <td>JJJ</td>
    </tr>
  </table>
</div>
</body>
</html>

如需了解更多JavaScript相关知识，可参考本站《JavaScript文件与目录操作技巧汇总》、《JavaScript查找算法技巧总结》、《JavaScript数据结构与算法技巧总结》、《JavaScript遍历算法与技巧总结》、《JavaScript错误与调试技巧总结》及《JavaScript数学运算用法总结》等专题。

希望本文所述内容能对您的JavaScript程序设计工作提供有益帮助。