深入探讨TypeScript中类与接口的使用

class Book {
  // 属性
  title: string;
  author: string;
  // 构造函数
  constructor(title: string, author: string) {
    this.title = title;
    this.author = author;
  }
  // 方法
  printInfo() {
    console.log(`Title: ${this.title}, Author: ${this.author}`);
  }
}
// 创建Book实例
const book1 = new Book("The Great Gatsby", "F. Scott Fitzgerald");
const book2 = new Book("To Kill a Mockingbird", "Harper Lee");
// 调用方法
book1.printInfo(); // Title: The Great Gatsby, Author: F. Scott Fitzgerald
book2.printInfo(); // Title: To Kill a Mockingbird, Author: Harper Lee

class Book {
  private title: string;
  private author: string;
  constructor(title: string, author: string) {
    this.title = title;
    this.author = author;
  }
  printInfo() {
    console.log(`Title: ${this.title}, Author: ${this.author}`);
  }
}
const book = new Book("The Great Gatsby", "F. Scott Fitzgerald");
// 以下代码会导致编译错误，因为title和author是私有属性
console.log(book.title); // Error
console.log(book.author); // Error
// 正确的访问方式是使用printInfo方法
book.printInfo(); // Title: The Great Gatsby, Author: F. Scott Fitzgerald

interface Book {
  title: string;
  author: string;
}
// 实现Book接口的对象
const book1: Book = {
  title: "The Great Gatsby",
  author: "F. Scott Fitzgerald",
};
const book2: Book = {
  title: "To Kill a Mockingbird",
  author: "Harper Lee",
};

interface Book {
  title: string;
  author: string;
}
class PrintedBook implements Book {
  constructor(public title: string, public author: string) {}
}
const book = new PrintedBook("The Great Gatsby", "F. Scott Fitzgerald");
console.log(book.title); // The Great Gatsby
console.log(book.author); // F. Scott Fitzgerald

class EBook extends PrintedBook {
  format: string;
  constructor(title: string, author: string, format: string) {
    super(title```typescript
, author); // 调用父类的构造函数
    this.format = format;
  }
  printInfo() {
    // 覆盖父类的方法
    console.log(`Title: ${this.title}, Author: ${this.author}, Format: ${this.format}`);
  }
}
const ebook = new EBook("JavaScript: The Good Parts", "Douglas Crockford", "PDF");
ebook.printInfo(); // Title: JavaScript: The Good Parts, Author: Douglas Crockford, Format: PDF

interface ExtendedBook extends Book {
  pages: number;
  language: string;
}
const extendedBook: ExtendedBook = {
  title: "TypeScript in Action",
  author: "Evan Burchard",
  pages: 360,
  language: "English",
};
console.log(extendedBook.title); // TypeScript in Action
console.log(extendedBook.pages); // 360
console.log(extendedBook.language); // English

abstract class Vehicle {
  constructor(public brand: string) {}
  abstract start(): void;
  abstract stop(): void;
  honk() {
    console.log(`${this.brand} is honking.`);
  }
}
class Car extends Vehicle {
  start() {
    console.log(`${this.brand} is starting.`);
  }
  stop() {
    console.log(`${this.brand} is stopping.`);
  }
}
const car = new Car("Toyota");
car.start(); // Toyota is starting.
car.stop(); // Toyota is stopping.
car.honk(); // Toyota is honking.