JavaScript 回调函数原理与实战详解

<script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">
function doSomething(callback) {
// … 
// Call the callback
callback('stuff', 'goes', 'here');
} 
function foo(a, b, c) {
// I'm the callback
alert(a + " " + b + " " + c);
} 
doSomething(foo); 
</script>

<script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">
 function dosomething(damsg, callback){
  alert(damsg);
  if(typeof callback == "function") 
  callback();
 } 
dosomething("回调函数", function(){
  alert("和 jQuery 的 callbacks 形式一样!");
 }); 
</script>

<script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">
function Thing(name) {
this.name = name;
}
Thing.prototype.doSomething = function(callback) {
// Call our callback, but using our own instance as the context
callback.call(this);
}
 
function foo() {
alert(this.name);
}
 
var t = new Thing('Joe');
t.doSomething(foo); // Alerts "Joe" via `foo`
</script>

<script language="javascript" type="text/javascript"> 
function Thing(name) {
this.name = name;
}
Thing.prototype.doSomething = function(callback, salutation) {
// Call our callback, but using our own instance as the context
callback.call(this, salutation);
} 
function foo(salutation) {
alert(salutation + " " + this.name);
} 
var t = new Thing('Joe');
t.doSomething(foo, 'Hi'); // Alerts "Hi Joe" via `foo`
</script>

<script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">
function Thing(name) {
this.name = name;
}
Thing.prototype.doSomething = function(callback) {
// Call our callback, but using our own instance as the context
callback.apply(this, ['Hi', 3, 2, 1]);
} 
function foo(salutation, three, two, one) {
alert(salutation + " " + this.name + " – " + three + " " + two + " " + one);
} 
var t = new Thing('Joe');
t.doSomething(foo); // Alerts "Hi Joe – 3 2 1" via `foo`
</script>

function f(num,callback){
 if(num<0) { 
 alert("调用低层函数处理!");
 alert("分数不能为负,输入错误!"); 
 }else if(num==0){
  alert("调用低层函数处理!");
 alert("该学生可能未参加考试！");
 }else{
 alert("调用高层函数处理!");
 callback();
 }
}

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=gb2312">
<script src="1.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
<title>无标题文档</title>
<script type="text/javascript">
 function test(){
  var p=document.getElementById("pp");
 pp.innerText="";
  var num=document.getElementById("score").value;
 f(num,function(){ //匿名高层处理函数
 if(num<60) alert("未及格！");
 else if(num<=90) alert("该生成绩优良！");
 else alert("该生成绩优秀!"); })
 pp.innerText="by since1978 qq558064!"
 }
</script>
</head>

<body>
<p>
回调函数示例:当学生成绩score<=0分时候，由底层处理；当score>0时，由高层处理。
</p>
请输入学生成绩<input type="text" id="score"> 
<input type="button" onClick="test()" value=" 看看结果">
<p id="pp"></p>
</body>
</html>

function writeCode(callback){ 
   //执行一些事物， 
   callback(); 
   //... 
  } 
 
  function intrduceBugs(){ 
   //....引入漏洞 
  } 
 
writeCode(intrduceBugs); 

//模拟查找页面中的dom节点，将查找到的节点存在数组里面统一返回 
  //此函数只用于查找不对dom节点做任何的逻辑处理 
  var findNodes = function(){ 
   var i = 100000;//大量的循环， 
   var nodes = [];//用于存储找到的dom节点 
   var found; 
   while(i){ 
    i -=1; 
    nodes.push(found); 
   } 
   return nodes; 
  } 
 
  //将查找找到的dom节点全部隐藏 
  var hide = function(nodes){ 
   var i = 0, 
    max = nodes.length; 
   for(;i<max;i++){ 
//findNodes后面有括号代表立即执行，先执行findNodes()然后执行hide()< hide(findNodes()); 执行函数 } ; 
nodes[i].style.display="none"
}

上面的方法是低效的，以为hide()必须再次遍历有findNodes()返回的数组节点，如何避免这种多余的循环呢。 
  我们不能直接在findNodes中对查询到的节点进行隐藏（这样检索就可修改逻辑耦合了），那么他就不再是一个通用函数了。 
  解决方法是用回调模式，可以将节点隐藏逻辑以回调函数方式传递给findNodes()并委托其执行

//重构findNodes以接受一个回调函数 
   var findNodes = fucntion(callback){ 
    var i = 100000, 
     nodes = [], 
     found; 
    //检查回调函数是否可用调用的 
    if(typeof callback !== 'function'){ 
     callback = false; 
    } 
    while(i){ 
     i -= 1; 
     if(callback){ 
      callback(found); 
     } 
     nodes.push(found); 
    } 
    return nodes; 
   } 
 
   //回调函数 
   var hide = function(node){ 
    node.style.display = 'none '; 
   } 
   //找到后续节点并在后续执行中对其进行隐藏 
 findNodes(hide);//先执行findNodes然后执行hide，当然回调函数也可以在调用主函数时创建：findNodes(function(node){node.style.display = 'none';});