Node.js npm配置查看与常用命令详解

查看npm配置信息

首先，可以通过执行 `npm config ls -l` 命令来查看当前环境下的所有目录配置信息。

; cli configs
long = true
; builtin config C:\Program Files (x86)\nodejs\node_modules\npm\npmrc
prefix = "C:\\Users\\sam\\AppData\\Roaming\\npm"
; default values
always-auth = false
browser = "start"
ca = "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\nMIIChzCCAfACCQDauvz/KHp8ejANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQUFA
DCBhzELMAkGA1UEBhMC\nVVMxCzAJBgNVBAgTAkNBMRAwDgYDVQQHEwdPY2tsYW5kMQwwCgYDVQQKEwN
ucG0x\nIjAgBgNVBAsTGW5wbSBDZXJ0aWZpY2F0ZSBBdXRob3JpdHkxDjAMBgNVBAMTBW5w\nbUNBMRc
wFQYJKoZIhvcNAQkBFghpQGl6cy5tZTAeFw0xMTA5MDUwMTQ3MTdaFw0y\nMTA5MDIwMTQ3MTdaMIGHM
QswCQYDVQQGEwJVUzELMAkGA1UECBMCQ0ExEDAOBgNV\nBAcTB09ha2xhbmQxDDAKBgNVBAoTA25wbTE
iMCAGA1UECxMZbnBtIENlcnRpZmlj\nYXRlIEF1dGhvcml0eTEOMAwGA1UEAxMFbnBtQ0ExFzAVBgkqh
kiG9w0BCQEWCGlA\naXpzLm1lMIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQDLI4tIqPpRW+ACw9G
E\nOgBlJZwK5f8nnKCLK629Pv5yJpQKs3DENExAyOgDcyaF0HD0zk8zTp+ZsLaNdKOz\nGn2U181KGpr
GKAXP6DU6ByOJDWmTlY6+Ad1laYT0m64fERSpHw/hjD3D+iX4aMOl\ny0HdbT5m1ZGh6SJz3ZqxavhHL
QIDAQABMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBBQUAA4GBAC4ySDbC\nl7W1WpLmtLGEQ/yuMLUf6Jy/vr+CRp4h+UzL+IQ
pCv8FfxsYE7dhf/bmWTEupBkv\nyNL18lipt2jSvR3v6oAHAReotvdjqhxddpe5Holns6EQd1/xEZ7sB
1YhQKJtvUrl\nZNufy1Jf1r0ldEGeA+0ISck7s+xSh9rQD2Op\n-----END CERTIFICATE-----"
cache = "C:\\Users\\sam\\AppData\\Roaming\\npm-cache"
cache-max = null
cache-min = 0
color = true
coverage = false
depth = null
description = true
dev = false
editor = "notepad.exe"
force = false
git = "git"
global = false
globalconfig = "C:\\Program Files (x86)\\nodejs\\etc\\npmrc"
globalignorefile = "C:\\Program Files (x86)\\nodejs\\etc\\npmignore"
group = 0
ignore = ""
init-module = "C:\\Users\\sam\\.npm-init.js"
init.version = "0.0.0"
init.author.name = ""
init.author.email = ""
init.author.url = ""
json = false
link = false
loglevel = "http"
; long = false (overridden)
message = "%s"
node-version = "0.8.0"
npaturl = "http://npat.npmjs.org/"
npat = false
onload-script = null
outfd = 1
parseable = false
pre = false
; prefix = "C:\\Program Files (x86)\\nodejs" (overridden)
production = false
proprietary-attribs = true
proxy = null
https-proxy = null
user-agent = "npm/1.1.32 node/v0.8.0"
rebuild-bundle = true
registry = "https://registry.npmjs.org/"
rollback = true
save = false
save-bundle = false
save-dev = false
save-optional = false
searchopts = ""
searchexclude = null
searchsort = "name"
shell = "C:\\windows\\system32\\cmd.exe"
strict-ssl = true
tag = "latest"
tmp = "C:\\Users\\sam\\AppData\\Local\\Temp"
unicode = true
unsafe-perm = true
usage = false
user = 0
username = ""
userconfig = "C:\\Users\\sam\\.npmrc"
userignorefile = "C:\\Users\\sam\\.npmignore"
umask = "022"
version = false
versions = false
viewer = "browser"
yes = null
_exit = true

设置与读取配置项

对于特定的配置项，可以通过以下命令格式进行设置：

npm config set 属性名 属性值

以此方式完成配置。

例如，将前缀设置为指定路径：

npm config set prefix "C:\123\"

若要读取某一项配置，可以使用以下命令：

npm config get prefix

npm常用命令汇总

以下是npm的一些常用命令：

npm install xxx 安装模块
npm install xxx@1.1.1 安装1.1.1版本的xxx
npm install xxx -g 将模块安装到全局环境中。
npm ls 查看安装的模块及依赖
npm ls -g 查看全局安装的模块及依赖
npm uninstall xxx (-g) 卸载模块
npm cache clean 清理缓存
npm help xxx 查看帮助
npm view moudleName dependencies 查看包的依赖关系
npm view moduleNames 查看node模块的package.json文件夹
npm view moduleName labelName 查看package.json文件夹下某个标签的内容
npm view moduleName repository.url 查看包的源文件地址
npm view moduleName engines 查看包所依赖的Node的版本
npm help folders 查看npm使用的所有文件夹
npm rebuild moduleName 用于更改包内容后进行重建
npm outdated 检查包是否已经过时，此命令会列出所有已经过时的包，可以及时进行包的更新
npm update moduleName 更新node模块