JavaScript浏览器与操作系统检测：对象特征与User-Agent策略

浏览器检测策略概述

检测浏览器的方式

第一种方法是对象特征检测法，这是判断浏览器能力的一种通用手段。如果开发重点在于浏览器的功能支持而非其具体身份，这种方法尤为适用。例如，在编写原生Ajax代码创建XMLHttpRequest对象时，通常采用此方式：

 
IXHR: function(){
if(window.ActiveXObject){
XHR=new ActiveXObject('Microsoft.XMLHTTP');
}else if(window.XMLHttpRequest){
XHR=new XMLHttpRequest();
}else{
return null;
} 
} 

第二种方法是User-Agent字符串检测法。该方法通过解析浏览器发送的user-agent字符串来进行判断，具体的实现逻辑见下文中的detect.js代码。

平台与操作系统检测

检测平台/操作系统

操作系统和平台的检测依赖于navigator对象的platform属性以及user-agent字符串。具体的判断逻辑同样实现在下文提到的detect.js文件中。

检测浏览器和操作系统-detect.js

 
var sUserAgent = navigator.userAgent;
var fAppVersion = parseFloat(navigator.appVersion);
function compareVersions(sVersion1, sVersion2) {
var aVersion1 = sVersion1.split(".");
var aVersion2 = sVersion2.split(".");
if (aVersion1.length > aVersion2.length) {
for (var i=0; i < aVersion1.length - aVersion2.length; i++) {
aVersion2.push("0");
} 
} else if (aVersion1.length < aVersion2.length) {
for (var i=0; i < aVersion2.length - aVersion1.length; i++) {
aVersion1.push("0");
} 
} 
for (var i=0; i < aVersion1.length; i++) {
if (aVersion1[i] < aVersion2[i]) {
return -1;
} else if (aVersion1[i] > aVersion2[i]) {
return 1;
} 
} 
return 0;
} 
var isOpera = sUserAgent.indexOf("Opera") > -1;
var isMinOpera4 = isMinOpera5 = isMinOpera6 = isMinOpera7 = isMinOpera7_5 = false;
if (isOpera) {
var fOperaVersion;
if(navigator.appName == "Opera") {
fOperaVersion = fAppVersion;
} else {
var reOperaVersion = new RegExp("Opera (//d+//.//d+)");
reOperaVersion.test(sUserAgent);
fOperaVersion = parseFloat(RegExp["$1"]);
} 
isMinOpera4 = fOperaVersion >= 4;
isMinOpera5 = fOperaVersion >= 5;
isMinOpera6 = fOperaVersion >= 6;
isMinOpera7 = fOperaVersion >= 7;
isMinOpera7_5 = fOperaVersion >= 7.5;
} 
var isKHTML = sUserAgent.indexOf("KHTML") > -1
|| sUserAgent.indexOf("Konqueror") > -1
|| sUserAgent.indexOf("AppleWebKit") > -1;
var isMinSafari1 = isMinSafari1_2 = false;
var isMinKonq2_2 = isMinKonq3 = isMinKonq3_1 = isMinKonq3_2 = false;
if (isKHTML) {
isSafari = sUserAgent.indexOf("AppleWebKit") > -1;
isKonq = sUserAgent.indexOf("Konqueror") > -1;
if (isSafari) {
var reAppleWebKit = new RegExp("AppleWebKit///(//d+(?://.//d*)?)");
reAppleWebKit.test(sUserAgent);
var fAppleWebKitVersion = parseFloat(RegExp["$1"]);
isMinSafari1 = fAppleWebKitVersion >= 85;
isMinSafari1_2 = fAppleWebKitVersion >= 124;
} else if (isKonq) {
var reKonq = new RegExp("Konqueror///(//d+(?://.//d+(?://.//d)?)?)");
reKonq.test(sUserAgent);
isMinKonq2_2 = compareVersions(RegExp["$1"], "2.2") >= 0;
isMinKonq3 = compareVersions(RegExp["$1"], "3.0") >= 0;
isMinKonq3_1 = compareVersions(RegExp["$1"], "3.1") >= 0;
isMinKonq3_2 = compareVersions(RegExp["$1"], "3.2") >= 0;
} 
} 
var isIE = sUserAgent.indexOf("compatible") > -1
&& sUserAgent.indexOf("MSIE") > -1
&& !isOpera;
var isMinIE4 = isMinIE5 = isMinIE5_5 = isMinIE6 = false;
if (isIE) {
var reIE = new RegExp("MSIE (//d+//.//d+);");
reIE.test(sUserAgent);
var fIEVersion = parseFloat(RegExp["$1"]);
isMinIE4 = fIEVersion >= 4;
isMinIE5 = fIEVersion >= 5;
isMinIE5_5 = fIEVersion >= 5.5;
isMinIE6 = fIEVersion >= 6.0;
} 
var isMoz = sUserAgent.indexOf("Gecko") > -1
&& !isKHTML;
var isMinMoz1 = sMinMoz1_4 = isMinMoz1_5 = false;
if (isMoz) {
var reMoz = new RegExp("rv:(//d+//.//d+(?://.//d+)?)");
reMoz.test(sUserAgent);
isMinMoz1 = compareVersions(RegExp["$1"], "1.0") >= 0;
isMinMoz1_4 = compareVersions(RegExp["$1"], "1.4") >= 0;
isMinMoz1_5 = compareVersions(RegExp["$1"], "1.5") >= 0;
} 
var isNS4 = !isIE && !isOpera && !isMoz && !isKHTML
&& (sUserAgent.indexOf("Mozilla") == 0)
&& (navigator.appName == "Netscape")
&& (fAppVersion >= 4.0 && fAppVersion < 5.0);
var isMinNS4 = isMinNS4_5 = isMinNS4_7 = isMinNS4_8 = false;
if (isNS4) {
isMinNS4 = true;
isMinNS4_5 = fAppVersion >= 4.5;
isMinNS4_7 = fAppVersion >= 4.7;
isMinNS4_8 = fAppVersion >= 4.8;
} 
var isWin = (navigator.platform == "Win32") || (navigator.platform == "Windows");
var isMac = (navigator.platform == "Mac68K") || (navigator.platform == "MacPPC")
|| (navigator.platform == "Macintosh");
var isUnix = (navigator.platform == "X11") && !isWin && !isMac;
var isWin95 = isWin98 = isWinNT4 = isWin2K = isWinME = isWinXP = false;
var isMac68K = isMacPPC = false;
var isSunOS = isMinSunOS4 = isMinSunOS5 = isMinSunOS5_5 = false;
if (isWin) {
isWin95 = sUserAgent.indexOf("Win95") > -1
|| sUserAgent.indexOf("Windows 95") > -1;
isWin98 = sUserAgent.indexOf("Win98") > -1
|| sUserAgent.indexOf("Windows 98") > -1;
isWinME = sUserAgent.indexOf("Win 9x 4.90") > -1
|| sUserAgent.indexOf("Windows ME") > -1;
isWin2K = sUserAgent.indexOf("Windows NT 5.0") > -1
|| sUserAgent.indexOf("Windows 2000") > -1;
isWinXP = sUserAgent.indexOf("Windows NT 5.1") > -1
|| sUserAgent.indexOf("Windows XP") > -1;
isWinNT4 = sUserAgent.indexOf("WinNT") > -1
|| sUserAgent.indexOf("Windows NT") > -1
|| sUserAgent.indexOf("WinNT4.0") > -1
|| sUserAgent.indexOf("Windows NT 4.0") > -1
&& (!isWinME && !isWin2K && !isWinXP);
} 
if (isMac) {
isMac68K = sUserAgent.indexOf("Mac_68000") > -1
|| sUserAgent.indexOf("68K") > -1;
isMacPPC = sUserAgent.indexOf("Mac_PowerPC") > -1
|| sUserAgent.indexOf("PPC") > -1;
} 
if (isUnix) {
isSunOS = sUserAgent.indexOf("SunOS") > -1;
if (isSunOS) {
var reSunOS = new RegExp("SunOS (//d+//.//d+(?://.//d+)?)");
reSunOS.test(sUserAgent);
isMinSunOS4 = compareVersions(RegExp["$1"], "4.0") >= 0;
isMinSunOS5 = compareVersions(RegExp["$1"], "5.0") >= 0;
isMinSunOS5_5 = compareVersions(RegExp["$1"], "5.5") >= 0;
} 
} 

作者：Artwl