TypeScript 实现图数据结构：邻接表构建与遍历详解

// 有向图
let graph = {
    A: { B: null, C: null },
    B: { C: null },
    C: {},
}
// 无向图
let graph = {
    A: { B: null, C: null },
    B: { A: null, C: null },
    C: { A: null, B: null },
}
// 带权有向图
let graph = {
    A: { B: 20, C: 20 },
    B: { C: 40 },
    C: {},
}
// 带权无向图
let graph = {
    A: { B: 20, C: 30 },
    B: { A: 20, C: 40 },
    C: { A: 30, B: 40 },
}

class Graph {
    length: number
    vertices: { [key: string]: { [key: string]: null | number } }
    isDirected: boolean
    constructor(isDirected: boolean = false) {
        this.length = 0
        this.vertices = {}
        this.isDirected = isDirected
    }
}

addVertex(...vertices: string[]): Graph {
    vertices.forEach((key: string) => {
        this.vertices[key] = {}
        this.length++
    })
    return this
}

addEdge(v: string, edges: { [key: string]: null | number}): Graph {
    if (!this.vertices[v]) { this.addVertex(v) }
    for (const key in edges) {
        if (!this.vertices[key]) { this.addVertex(key) }
        this.vertices[v][key] = edges[key]
        if (!this.isDirected) {
            this.vertices[key][v] = edges[key]
        }
    }
    return this
}

removeVertex(v: string): Graph {
    delete this.vertices[v]
    for (const key in this.vertices) {
        if (!!this.vertices[key][v]) {
            delete this.vertices[key][v]
        }
    }
    this.length--
    return this
}

removeEdge(v: string, w: string): Graph {
    delete this.vertices[v][w]
    if (!this.isDirected) {
        delete this.vertices[w][v]
    }
    return this
}

// 初始化所有顶点颜色，作为初始的状态
const initColor = (vertices: { [key: string]: { [key: string]: null | number } })
    : { [key: string]: 'white' | 'gray' | 'black' } => {
    let color = {}
    for (const key in vertices) {
        color[key] = 'white'
    }
    return color
}

const breadthFirstSearch = (graph: Graph, startVertex: string): string[] => {
    let result: string[] = []
    let v: string = startVertex
    const color = initColor(graph.vertices)
    const queue = new Queue()
    queue.enqueue(v)
    while (!queue.isEmpty()) {
        v = queue.dequeue()
        for (const key in graph.vertices[v]) {
            if (color[key] === 'white') {
                queue.enqueue(key)
                color[key] = 'gray'
            }
        }
        color[v] = 'black'
        result.push(v)
    }
    return result
}

const depthFirstSearch = (graph: Graph, startVertex: string): string[] => {
    let result: string[] = []
    let v: string = startVertex
    const color = initColor(graph.vertices)
    const stack = new Stack()
    stack.push(v)
    while (!stack.isEmpty()) {
        v = stack.pop()
        for (const key in graph.vertices[v]) {
            if (color[key] === 'white') {
                stack.push(key)
                color[key] = 'gray'
            }
        }
        color[v] = 'black'
        result.push(v)
    }
    return result
}