JavaScript 单向链表与双向链表实现详解

/**
 * 单向链表构造函数
 */
function LinkedList() {
 /**
  * 单向链表中节点的构造函数
  * @param {Any} element 要传入链表的节点
  */
 var Node = function(element) {
  this.element = element;
  //下个节点的地址
  this.next = null;
 }

 //单向链表的长度
 var length = 0;
 //单向链表的头结点，初始化为NULL
 var head = null;
}

/**
 * 向单向链表尾部添加元素
 * @param {Any} element 要加入链表的节点
 */
this.append = function(element) {
 var node = new Node(element);
 var current;

 if (head == null) {
  head = node;
 } else {
  // 当前项等于链表头部元素.
  // while循环到最后一个，从而将该节点加入链表尾部。
  current = head;
  // 当next为null时，判定为false。退出循环。
  while (current.next) {
   current = current.next;
  }
  current.next = node;
 }
 length++;
};

/**
 * 向单向链表中插入某个元素
 * @param {Number} position 要插入的位置
 * @param {Any} element 要插入的元素
 * @return {Boolean}     插入成功返回true，失败返回false
 */
this.insert = function(position, element) {
 if (position >= 0 && position <= length) {
  var node = new Node(element);
  var current = head;
  var previous;
  var index = 0;

  if (position == 0) {
   node.next = current;
   head = node;
  } else {
   while (index++ < position) {
    previous = current;
    current = current.next;
   }

   previous.next = node;
   node.next = current;
  }

  length++;
  return true;
 } else {
  return false;
 }
};

/**
 * 寻找某个元素在单向链表中的位置
 * @param {Any} element 要寻找的元素
 * @return {Number}     返回值>=0则代表找到相应位置
 */
this.indexOf = function(element) {
 var current = head;
 var index = -1;

 while (current) {
  if (element === current.element) {
   return index;
  }
  index++;
  current = current.next;
 }

 return -1;
};

/**
 * 移除给定的元素
 * @param {Any} element 要移除的元素
 * @return {Number}     返回值>=0表示移除成功
 */
this.remove = function(element) {
 var index = this.indexOf(element);
 return this.removeAt(index);
};

/**
 * 移除单向链表中某一个元素
 * @param {Number} position 要移除元素的位置
 * @return {Any}     移除成功返回被移除的元素，不成功则返回NULL
 */
this.removeAt = function(position) {
 if (position > -1 && position < length) {
  var current = head;
  var previous;
  var index = 0;

  if (position == 0) {
   // 因为之前head指向第一个元素，现在把head修改为指向第二个元素。
   // 核心概念在于链表前后全靠指针链接，而非数组一般。
   // 所以只需要改变head的元素。
   head = current.next;
  } else {
   while (index++ < position) {
    // previous指要操作元素位置之前的那个元素，current表示之后的那个元素。
    previous = current;
    current = current.next;
   }

   previous.next = current.next;
  }

  length--;

  return current.element;
 } else {
  return null;
 }
};

/**
 * 获取单向链表的头部
 * @return {Any} 单向链表的头部
 */
this.getHead = function() {
 return head;
}

/**
 * 判断单向链表是否为空
 * @return {Boolean} 为空则返回true，不为空则返回false
 */
this.isAmpty = function() {
 return length === 0
};

/**
 * 将链表所有内容以字符串输出
 * @return {String} 要输出的字符串
 */
this.toString = function() {
 var current = head;
 var string = '';

 while (current) {
  string += current.element;
  current = current.next;
 }
 return string;
};

/**
 * 返回单向链表长度
 * @return {Number} 单向链表的长度
 */
this.size = function() {
 return length;
};

/**
 * 双向链表的构造函数
 */
function DoublyLinkedList() {
 /**
  * 双向链表中节点的构造函数
  * @param {Any} element 要传入链表的元素
  */
 var Node = function(element) {
  this.element = element;
  this.prev = null;
  this.next = null;
 }

 //双向链表的长度
 var length = 0;
 //双向链表的头结点，初始化为NULL
 var head = null;
 //双向链表的尾结点，初始化为NULL
 var tail = null;
}

/**
 * 向链表尾部添加元素
 * @param {Any} element 要加入链表的节点
 * @return {Any}     加入链表的节点
 */
this.append = function(element) {
 var node = new Node(element);

 if (head === null) {
  head = node;
  tail = node;
 } else {
  var previous;
  var current = head;

  while (current.next) {
   current = current.next;
  }

  current.next = node;
  node.prev = current;
  tail = node;
 }

 length++;
 return node;
};

/**
 * 向链表中插入某个元素
 * @param {Number} position 要插入的位置
 * @return {Boolean}     插入成功返回true，失败返回false
 */
this.insert = function(position, element) {
 if (position >= 0 && position <= length) {

  var node = new Node(element);
  var index = 0;
  var previous;
  var current = head;

  if (position === 0) {

   if (head === null) {
    head = node;
    tail = node;
   } else {
    current.prev = node;
    node.next = current;
    head = node;
   }
  } else if (position === length) {

   current = tail;
   current.next = node;
   node.prev = current;
   tail = node;
  } else {

   while (index++ < position) {
    previous = current;
    current = current.next;
   }

   previous.next = node;
   node.prev = previous;
   current.prev = node;
   node.next = current;
  }

  length++;
  return true;
 } else {
  return false;
 }
};

/**
 * 移除链表中某一个元素
 * @param {Number} position 要移除元素的位置
 * @return {Any}       移除成功返回被移除的元素，不成功则返回false
 */
this.removeAt = function(position) {
 if (position > -1 && position < length) {
  var current = head;
  var index = 0;
  var previous;

  if (position === 0) {
   head = current.next;

   if (length === 1) {
    tail = null;
    head.prev = null;
   }
  } else if (position === length - 1) {
   current = tail;
   tail = current.prev;
   tail.next = null;
  } else {
   while (index++ < position) {
    previous = current.prev;
    current = current.next;
   }
   previous.next = current.next;
   current.next.prev = previous;
  }

  length--;
  return current.element;
 } else {
  return false;
 }
};

/**
 * 获取链表的头部
 * @return {Any} 链表的头部
 */
this.showHead = function() {
 return head;
};

/**
 * 获取链表长度
 * @return {Number} 链表长度
 */
this.showLength = function() {
 return length;
};

/**
 * 获取链表尾部
 * @return {Any} 链表尾部
 */
this.showTail = function() {
 return tail;
};